有没有介绍新加坡的英文文章啊?同题!

有没有介绍新加坡的英文文章啊?同题!
有没有介绍新加坡的英文文章啊?
同题!

有没有介绍新加坡的英文文章啊?同题!
Singapore
Republic of Singapore
新加坡共和国
Republik Singapura
(Flag) (Coat of Arms)

Motto: Majulah Singapura
(English: "Onward, Singapore")
Anthem: "Majulah Singapura"

Capital Singapore1
1°17′ N 103°51′ E
Largest city Singapore1
Official languages Malay (National), English, Mandarin Chinese, Tamil
Government
President
Prime minister Parliamentary republic
Sellapan Ramanathan
Lee Hsien Loong
Independence
- Unilateral declaration
(from Britain)
- Officially from Britain
(merger with Malaysia)
- From Malaysia
August 31, 1963
September 16, 1963
August 9, 1965
Area
• Total
• Water (%)
692.7 km² (175th)
1.444
Population
• 2005 est.
• 2000 census
• Density
4,425,720 (118th)
4,017,700
6,389/km² (2nd)
GDP (PPP)
• Total
• Per capita 2005 estimate
$124 billion (55th)
$28,228 (22nd)
Currency Singapore Dollar (SGD)
Time zone
• Summer (DST) SST (UTC+8)
Not observed (UTC+8)
Internet TLD .sg
Calling code +652
1. Singapore is a city-state.
2. 02 when dialling from Malaysia
Singapore portal
The Republic of Singapore (Simplified Chinese: 新加坡共和国; Pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó, Malay: Republik Singapura; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு), is an island city-state in Southeast Asia, situated on the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of the Indonesian Riau Islands. Its coordinates are 1°17.583′ N 103°51.333′ E, just 137 km north of the Equator. The name Singapore was derived from Malay word singa (lion), which itself is derived from the Sanskrit word सिंह siMha of the same meaning, and the Sanskrit word पुर pura (city) [1].
Singapore was originally a small Malay settlement until 1819, when the British started a trading post that developed into an important commercial and military imperial base. Except for the interruption for the three years that the Japanese occupied Singapore during World War II, it was a Crown Colony from 1867 until 1963, when it declared independence from Britain. Singapore joined the Federation of Malaysia shortly afterwards. On expulsion from Malaysia in 1965, Singapore was separated from its traditional markets and faced economic degeneration. In resolution, government-led rapid industrialisation and business-friendly policies stimulated some of the fastest economic growth in the modern world. Singapore now has one of the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita rates in the world; it is a major financial, transport and medical hub. Crime is low, and Transparency International consistently rates it as one of the least corrupt countries in the world.
Practices such as the restrictions on chewing gum and fines for littering, spitting have led some to label Singapore a "nanny state". The state has a very strict judicial system dubbed to be favourable to the state and its aims and Capital Punishment is metted out on certain offenses like drug trafficking and murder. Singapore has one of the highest per capita legal execution in the world. National service is mandatory for Singaporean men and male children of permanent residents. Even though it has not been engaged in any military conflict, the Singapore Armed Forces maintains a 100,000-strong active force and 350,000-strong reserve force. Singapore has relatively warm relations with Malaysia especially since the recent changes of leadership in both countries. However, disputes still exist over issues such as the sale of water and territorial claims over the small Pedra Branca rock formation.
History
Main article: History of Singapore
The first records of Singapore's existence are in Chinese texts from the 3rd century. The island was an outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire and originally bore the Javanese name Temasek. Temasek rose to become a significant trading city, but subsequently declined. There are few remnants of old Temasek in Singapore other than archaeological evidence.
In the 15th and 16th century, Singapore was a part of the Sultanate of Johore. During the Malay-Portugal wars in 1617, Singapore was set ablaze by Portuguese troops.

Statue of Thomas Stamford Raffles by Thomas Woolner, erected at the spot where he first landed at Singapore. He is recognised as the modern founder of Singapore.In 1819, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British East India Company official, made a treaty with the Sultan of Johore and established Singapore as a trading post and settlement. Singapore was later made a crown colony in 1867 after a series of territorial expansions. It soon grew as an entrepot town due to its strategic location along the busy shipping routes connecting Europe to China.
During World War II, Japanese forces invaded Malaya and the surrounding region in the Battle of Malaya, culminating in the Battle of Singapore. The British were unprepared and swiftly defeated, despite having superior numbers of troops. They surrendered on February 15th 1942 to the Japanese. The Japanese renamed Singapore as Syonan-to ("Light of the South") and occupied it until the Japanese defeat September 1945. In 1959, Singapore became a self-governing crown colony with Lee Kuan Yew from the People's Action Party (PAP) as the first Prime Minister of Singapore following the 1959 elections. After a national referendum in 1962, Singapore was admitted into the Federation of Malaysia along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak as a state with autonomous powers in September 1963. After heated ideological conflict developed between the state government formed by PAP and the Federal government in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore was expelled from the federation on August 7, 1965. It gained official sovereignty two days later on August 9, 1965 with Malaysia the first country to recognise it as an independent nation, the date becoming Singapore's National Day. Singapore's National Days are celebrated with annual parades and other festivities.

Shenton Way around 1970, the period of time where Singapore underwent immense economic development under the leadership of Lee Kuan Yew
Parliament HouseThe fledgling nation had to struggle for self-sufficiency, and faced problems including mass unemployment, housing shortages and the lack of land and natural resources, like oil. During Lee Kuan Yew's term as prime minister from 1959 to 1990, his administration curbed unemployment, raised the standard of living, developed Singapore's economic infrastructure and overcame problems such as lack of housing, social stability and an independent national defence. This elevated Singapore into developing nation and subsequently to developed status.
On 26 November 1990 Goh Chok Tong became prime minister. Under his tenure the country tackled the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the SARS outbreak in 2003 as well as terrorist threats posed by the Jemaah Islamiah (JI). Lee Hsien Loong, the eldest son of Lee Kuan Yew, became the third prime minister on 12 August 2004 after securing the confidence of a majority of Parliament, which is still dominated by the PAP.
Politics and government
Main articles: Politics of Singapore, Laws of Singapore
Singapore is a republic with a Westminster system of a unicameral parliamentary government, with the bulk of the executive powers resting in the hands of a cabinet of ministers led by a prime minister. The office of the president was, historically, a ceremonial one as head of state, but the Constitution was amended in 1991 to create the position of a popularly elected president and also to grant the president veto powers in a few key decisions such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of key judiciary positions. The legislative branch of government is the Parliament.
Politics of Singapore have been dominated by the People's Action Party (PAP) since its independence in 1965. Critics have called Singapore a de facto one party state and have accused the PAP of taking harsh actions against opposition parties to impede their success, including gerrymandering and the filing of civil suits against the opposition for libel or slander.
Critics claim that Singaporean courts have been favouring the government and the PAP in these lawsuits, although there were a few cases in which the opposition won. They consider the form of government in Singapore to be closer to authoritarianism rather than true democracy, and could be considered an illiberal democracy or procedural democracy.
Despite this, or perhaps because of it, Singapore has what many consider to be a highly successful and transparent market economy. PAP's policies contain certain aspects of socialism, which includes large scale public housing programme, public education system and the dominance of government controlled companies in the local economy. Although present in almost all segments of Singaporean society, the government has a clean, corruption-free image, and has consistently been rated as the least-corrupt country in Asia and amongst the top ten cleanest in the world by Transparency International since its first annual survey conducted in 1995.
Although Singapore's laws are inherited from British and British Indian laws, the PAP has also consistently rejected wholesale Western democratic values, with former prime minister Lee Kuan Yew citing incompatibilities with "Asian values". Singapore's position is that there should not be a "one-size-fits-all" solution to a democracy. Most recently, the PAP has relaxed some of its socially conservative policies and encouraged entrepreneurship.
Singapore enjoys one of the lowest crime rates in the world, and this has often been cited by foreign companies as one of the reasons for investing in Singapore. Laws in Singapore are generally strict with harsh punishments such as caning and execution and a stringent censorship of the media including magazines, newspapers, movies and TV programmes. Pornography, oral sex, anal sex and homosexual intercourse are illegal in Singapore. Material that may cause race or religious disharmony are not tolerated in Singapore, even on the Internet. In September 2005, three bloggers were charged with sedition for posting racist remarks, including two who were later fined and sentenced to imprisonment. Some offences can lead to heavy fines or caning, while murder and drug trafficking are grounds for execution by hanging. According to an Amnesty International report, 400 people were hanged between 1991 and 2004, which the report claimed is "possibly the highest execution rate in the world" per capita. Although the Government claims this figure to be false and exaggerated, it has not provided information that would refute Amnesty International's report.
Geography
Main article: Geography and climate of Singapore

Singapore is a diamond-shaped island separated from the Peninsular Malaysia by the Tebrau Straits. (details)Singapore is a diamond-shaped island with surrounding smaller islands. There are two connections from Singapore to the Malaysian state of Johor — a man-made causeway (known as the Causeway) to the north, crossing the Tebrau Straits, and Tuas Second Link (called Linkedua Expressway in Malaysia), a bridge in the western part of Singapore that connects to Johor.
Of Singapore's dozens of smaller islands, Ju