英语翻译In Table 7,we undertake further robustness checks on our measure of external dependence.While we vary the measure of external dependence,we maintain as a measure of financial development a country's accounting standards,instrumented as ab

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英语翻译In Table 7,we undertake further robustness checks on our measure of external dependence.While we vary the measure of external dependence,we maintain as a measure of financial development a country's accounting standards,instrumented as ab

英语翻译In Table 7,we undertake further robustness checks on our measure of external dependence.While we vary the measure of external dependence,we maintain as a measure of financial development a country's accounting standards,instrumented as ab
英语翻译
In Table 7,we undertake further robustness checks on our measure of external dependence.While we vary the measure of external dependence,we maintain as a measure of financial development a country's accounting standards,instrumented as above.
In the first column,external dependence is calculated restricting the sample only to mature firms (listed for more than ten years) in the United States.Our interaction variable is positive and statistically significant and the estimated differential growth rate (0.9 percent) is similar to that for the entire sample.
Next,we check whether there is persistence in dependence.If the pattern of financing in the United States in the 1980's is very different from the pattern in the 19709s,it would be unreasonable to expect dependence to carty any information for other countries (especially developing countries that may use older technologies).The raw correlation between an industry's demand for external financing in the 1980's and its demand in the 1970's is 0.63.The coefficient estimate when dependence is measured by the demand for external financing in the 1970's is statistically significant,and the
estimated differential growth rate is 0.9 percent.

英语翻译In Table 7,we undertake further robustness checks on our measure of external dependence.While we vary the measure of external dependence,we maintain as a measure of financial development a country's accounting standards,instrumented as ab
在表7中,我们对外部依赖性测量进行了稳定性检测.在变化外部依赖性测量的同时,我们以一个国家的会计标准作为金融发展的测量指标,测量方法见上面.
在第一列,外部依赖性的计算仅限于美国成熟公司(10年以上的公司)的样本.相互作用变量为正数,而且具有统计学的显著性;测算出的差异成长率(百分之0.9)与全部样本相似.
其次,我们检测了依赖性的持久性.如果美国80年代的融资模式与70年代的模式差异很大,就没有理由向其他国家(特别是使用过时技术的发展中国家)提供信息以希望得到相同的依赖性.工业对外部融资的需求在80年代和70年代之间的未精细相关系数为0.63.在测量70年代的对外融资需求时,系数估算结果具有统计学的显著性,测算出的差异成长率为百分之0.9.

最后,我们的结论或许是美国八十年代的独特性所造成的。只要我们研究依存度所在国家的金融限制较小,我们的方法就是有效的(这样我们研究的是需求而不是供应)。加拿大是我们唯一获得流动资金细节数据的国家,加拿大在许多重要方面与美国都有所差异。正如加拿大的企业所有权,其银行系统比美国也更加集中,工业构成有很大差别。但美国与加拿大的依存度相关性为0.77. 正如表7中第三栏所示,使用加拿大数据衡量依存度,共同估...

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最后,我们的结论或许是美国八十年代的独特性所造成的。只要我们研究依存度所在国家的金融限制较小,我们的方法就是有效的(这样我们研究的是需求而不是供应)。加拿大是我们唯一获得流动资金细节数据的国家,加拿大在许多重要方面与美国都有所差异。正如加拿大的企业所有权,其银行系统比美国也更加集中,工业构成有很大差别。但美国与加拿大的依存度相关性为0.77. 正如表7中第三栏所示,使用加拿大数据衡量依存度,共同估算十分重要。表7与表4都很有趣的是,虽然所衡量的依存度与发展有差异,但交互作用的经济量基本相似。

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