it was you not he that __to blame for the fire.谓语用单数还是复数肯定句型中,被强调的主语既有肯定又有否定,从句谓语是就近原则还是和肯定意义的主语保持主谓一致?

it was you not he that __to blame for the fire.谓语用单数还是复数肯定句型中,被强调的主语既有肯定又有否定,从句谓语是就近原则还是和肯定意义的主语保持主谓一致?
it was you not he that __to blame for the fire.谓语用单数还是复数
肯定句型中,被强调的主语既有肯定又有否定,从句谓语是就近原则还是和肯定意义的主语保持主谓一致?

it was you not he that __to blame for the fire.谓语用单数还是复数肯定句型中,被强调的主语既有肯定又有否定,从句谓语是就近原则还是和肯定意义的主语保持主谓一致?
it was you not he that __to blame for the fire.
谓语用单数还是复数
1.先还原成：you not he/him are/were to blame for the fire.
2.not “而不是”的意思.表示排出.所以本句的主语是you.
3.It was you not he/him that were to blame for the fire.
强调句式.强调主语you.

are ，与you 一致

句子主干是It was you that....
not him是修饰语
所以后面接的从句谓语应该跟前面It was you相一致

动词和主语保持一致，这句话主要强调的是“你”做了什么。

谓语用单数

is
主谓一致中的就近原则

用复数，与主语一致
这是主谓一致的具体用法
主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式
例如：
A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.
（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形...

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用复数，与主语一致
这是主谓一致的具体用法
主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式
例如：
A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.
（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）
语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。
Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.
（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）
主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待：
#不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。
What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。
## 不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。
Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。
Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。
### 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。
The United States is leading the world in science and technology .
美国常在世界科技方面领先。
The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
#### a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。
The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.
近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。
A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。
##### 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：
On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海边，有些人在打排球，有些人躺着晒太阳。
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。
A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。
###### 有些短语，如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词、或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然断电时，那家商店丢失了许多钱。
A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently.
最近出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。
意义一致( Notional Concord )
这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
1） 当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单、复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。也就是说，我们完全可以将这些词组搬到句首或是放到句末去。从表面上我们也可以看出，它们与主语之间有"，"隔开。例如：
Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price.
最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。
The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。
The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。
The warehouse, with all its stockings, was burned last night.
昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了。
我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：
Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas.
Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price.
The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.
As well as the suitcase, the missing things have been found and returned to the owner.
The missing things have been found and returned to the owner, as well as the suitcase.
2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时，其意义若是指总量应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指"有多少数量"则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：
Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.
人们常大约地将四个星期看成一个月。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。
Eighty dollars are enough for a student to spend on food for one week.八十块钱给一个学生吃一个月的伙食是足够的了。
3) 形容词前加定冠词即"the + 形容词"作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词 也应该用复数。例如：
The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperience.
一方面，青年人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为青年人没有经验。
In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate. 在许多故事里，好人总是有好报；坏人注定要倒霉。
4）当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作 单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。
Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.
中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。
Different people respectively welcome White and black coffee.
加奶的咖啡与清咖啡都分别受到不同人们的喜爱。
5) 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。例如：
The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。
The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞。
The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.
人民大众完全有理由谨防职业骗局。
The public now come to know the whole story.
人们现在越来越清楚那是怎么回事了。
就近原则( Principle of Proximity )
这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等。例如：
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧。
Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.
不仅仅是他，而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.
他全家人和他都不知道那件事。
主谓一致的定义
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在人称和数的方面取得一致的问题。
主语若是复数，谓语也采用复数形式。
主语若是单数或是不可数名词，谓语采用单数形式。
主谓一致的分类
主谓一致分为两大类：就近一致原则和意义一致原则。
就近一致原则指的是，以靠近谓语动词的，作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。
意义一致原则指的是，必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。
就近一致原则（1）
连词not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...but
<><><>
Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
同学们和老师对此都一无所知。
Neither he nor they are wholly right.
他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。
Either he or I am right.
或者他对，或者我对。
就近一致原则（2）
副词here/ there
<><><>
Here comes the bus.
瞧，公共汽车来了。
Here is a pencil-box for you.
这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。
Here are my replies to your questions.
这些是我针对你的问题的回答。
There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.
盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些桔子。
主谓一致：and
and的两边分别是不同的可数名词。
John and Mary are my friends.
约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。
<><><>
and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。
Both rice and wheat are grown in China.
中国有种水稻也有种小麦。
<><><>
and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。
Fish and chips is a popular supper here.
炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。（鱼和土豆片作为整体）
The poet and writer has come.
那位诗人兼作家来了。（同一个人既是诗人又是作家）
<><><>
each(every) + 单数名词 + and + each(every) + 单数名词
谓语动词用单数
Every hour and every minute is important.
每一小时，每一分钟，都很重要。
主谓一致：with...
“主语 + 后置定语”谓语动词只看主语，不看后置定语部分。
引起这种后置定语的单词有：
with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but,
except, besides, including, in addition to。
<><><>
The teacher with two students was at the meeting.
那位老师还有两个学生参加会议。
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅他们乐以帮助你，我也乐以帮助你。
A woman with two children is over there at the bus stop.
一个妇女还有两个孩子在公共汽车站那儿。
主谓一致：to do, doing
主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，谓语动词采用单数。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.
学外语不容易。
Working with you is pleasant.
It’s pleasant working with you.
同你一块工作是令人愉快的。
The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel.
我们从这儿就能看到屋顶的那座楼房就是旅馆。
主谓一致：police
police 警察/ militia民兵/ people人们/ vermin 害虫/ cattle 牲畜/ poultry 家禽
<><><>
这类集体名词的后面常接复数的谓语动词。
The police are questioning everyone in the house.
警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef, and hides.
家牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。
主谓一致：family
army军队/ data 数据/ jury 陪审团/ audience 观众/ enemy 敌人/ media 媒体
bacteria 细菌/ family 家庭/ navy 海军/ committee 委员会/ flock 羊群
nobility 贵族/ community 共同体/ firm 商号/ party 政党/ company 公司
gang 一群/ press 新闻界/ council 理事会/ government 政府/ public 公众
couple 对、双/ group 组/ staff 全体职员/ crew 全体人员/ herd 牧群/ team 队
<><><>
这类集体名词可以用作单数也可以用作复数。如果把"family"看成家庭成员，谓语用复数。如果把"family"看成一个整体，谓语用单数。
<><><>
His family are waiting for him.
他的家人正在等他。（把"family"看成家庭成员）
I've got to make it clear that my family was very poor.
我得说清楚，我的家是很穷的。（把"family"看成一个整体）
主谓一致：furniture
mankind 人类/ furniture 家具/ foliage 植物
clothing 衣服/ machinery 机械/ merchandise 货物
这类集体名词只能用作单数形式，因为它们属不可数名词。
<><><>
Our clothing protects us from cold.
衣服保护我们免受寒冻。
Then the furniture was moved in.
然后家具被搬进来。
主谓一致：trousers
glasses眼睛/ spectacles眼睛/ scissors剪刀/ shorts短裤/
trousers裤子/ pajamas睡衣
Where are my pajamas? 我的睡衣在哪里？
My trousers are too long. 我的裤子太长了。
<><><>
shoe鞋子/ glove手套/ sock袜子/
目前的教辅把shoes归入和trousers同一类，这样作对于高考没有大碍。不过两者的不同之处在以后的大学课堂中还需明辨。
主谓一致：the old
名词化的形容词作主语时要看主语的具体情况。
一. 看作复数
The wounded were sent home.
伤员被送回家。（指一批人，动词用复数。）
The old are taken good care of here.
这儿的老人受到很好的照顾。（一批人）
二. 看作单数
The true is to be distinguished from the false.
真假必须辨明。（抽象的概念，看成单数。）
The accused was punished to prison.
那个被告被判入狱。（一个人）
主谓一致：two years
时间、金钱、路程的名词
虽是用复数形式作主语，谓语动词仍然要用单数形式。
Two years is enough.
两年就够了。
A hundred miles is a long distance.
一百英里是一段很长的距离。
主谓一致：percent
分数和百分数的词作主语时，以“of 短语”中的名词为判断标准。
Thirty percent of the grain is used to feed animals.
百分之三十的粮食用来饲养牲口。
Ninety percent of the smokers are male.
百分之九十的吸烟者是男性。
主谓一致：each
以下列不定代词作主语的句子谓语动词用单数：
either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything,
somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody,
no one, nothing（含有单数意义的不定代词）
<><><>
Neither of those men is wrong.
那两个人都没有错。
Each of the books costs ten dollars.
每一本书花费10美元。
Somebody is using the phone.
有人在用电话。
希望这些对你有帮助！

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Neither of those men is wrong.
那两个人都没有错。
Each of the books costs ten dollars.
每一本书花费10美元。
Somebody is using the phone.
有人在用电话。