英语翻译1.IntroductionThe nuclear industry and the US Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) explicitly recognized the importanceof management and organizational factors to nuclear facilitysafety in the aftermath of the accident at Three Mile Island(

英语翻译1.IntroductionThe nuclear industry and the US Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) explicitly recognized the importanceof management and organizational factors to nuclear facilitysafety in the aftermath of the accident at Three Mile Island(
英语翻译
1.Introduction
The nuclear industry and the US Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) explicitly recognized the importanceof management and organizational factors to nuclear facilitysafety in the aftermath of the accident at Three Mile Island(TMI) Unit 2.Following the Chernobyl accident,the Inter-national Nuclear Safety Advisory Group (INSAG) intro-duced the term `safety culture' to denote the managementand organization factors that are important to safety [1].Although INSAG intends `safety culture' to capture all themanagement and organizational factors relevant to safeplant operation,many investigators use the term morenarrowly.`Safety culture' is often used to denote an elementof organizational culture,that,in turn,is a component of thebroader term `management and organizational factors.'Although major accidents often involve an unsafe act (orfailure to act) by an individual,they may also involve condi-tions created by an organization that can magnify the conse-quences.The NRC's investigation of the accident at TMIreported to the Commissioners and the public that,The onetheme that runs through the conclusions we have reached isthat the principal deciencies in commercial reactor safety today are not hardware problems,they are managementproblems [2].Later the report stated,The NRC,for itspart,has virtually ignored the critical areas of operatortraining,human factors engineering,utility managementand technical qualications.That sentence captures thebasis for much of the NRC's regulatory agenda in theyears following the accident,as well as the industry'sagenda to improve plant operations.The NRC's post-TMI action plan included a large numberof issues under the general heading of human factors.Themajor categories included operator qualications andtraining,stafng levels and working conditions,the man±machine interface,emergency operating procedures,humanreliability,and organizational and management effective-ness.Independent of the initiatives that the NRC undertook,theindustry saw a need to improve the quality of nuclear opera-tions.The Institute of Nuclear Power Operations wasestablished by the electric utilities that owned and operatednuclear power plants to foster excellence in plantoperations.Condence in facility management and human per-formance within the international nuclear power communitywas severely damaged by the Chernobyl accident in 1986.In its report of the Chernobyl post-accident review meeting[1],INSAG stated that,The vital conclusion drawn is theimportance of placing complete authority and responsibilityfor the safety of the plant on a senior member of the operational staff of the plant.Formal procedures,properlyreviewed and approved,must be supplemented by thecreation and maintenance of a `nuclear safety culture.

英语翻译1.IntroductionThe nuclear industry and the US Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) explicitly recognized the importanceof management and organizational factors to nuclear facilitysafety in the aftermath of the accident at Three Mile Island(
1、介绍
在三里岛（TMI）二单元发生事故的余波之中,核工业和美国核管理委员会（NRC）明确地认识到管理和组织因素的重要性.随后的切尔诺贝利事故,国际核安全顾问组织（INSAG）向资助对于安全性很重要的管理和组织因素介绍了“安全文化”这一术语.【1】尽管INSAG打算用“安全文化”来获取对于安全工厂操作意义重大的管理和组织因素,但是很多调查者更加仔细地使用这一术语.“安全文化”是经常被用于资助组织文化的一个元素,同时,也是“管理和组织因素”这一广义术语的一个组成部分.虽然主要事故通常是由于一个个体的不安全行为（或者失败的行为）所引发,但是同样他们也会被能够增强后果的组织创造的条件所带动.在TMI事故的NRC的调查对委员会和公众报告说,有一种我们已经浏览过结论的主题是,主要的在商业上的不足之处是反应堆的安全性不再是设备问题,而是他们管理问题.【2】随后报告陈述了,NRC这个组织,很要命的忽略了操作训练、人类因素工程学、应用管理和技术资格这些至关重要的方面.在事故之后的几年,那个主张获取了大量NRC管理议程的基本方面,并且工业议程也改善了工厂组织.NRC的前TMI行动计划包括在人为因素的主要方向下的大量问题.主要类别包括操作资格和训练、工作人员的等级和工作条件,人机交互、紧急情况操作步骤、人的可依赖性和组织管理成效.NRC所采取的主动权独立性中,工业看到一种对于改善核条件质量的需求.核能操作协会由运作核能工厂强化工厂运营优点的电力应用所建立起来的.在设施管理的信心和人为在国际核能委员会的表现被1986年得切尔诺贝利事故所严重损害.在切尔诺贝利前事故评论会议的报告中,INSAG陈述道,得到的至关重要的结论是,在工厂的操作成熟工作人员中,对于工厂的安全性寄托完全的权威和责任的重要性.正式的步骤,严格的检查和认可,必须被应用于核安全文化的创造和维护.
（我是纯人工翻译的,我是考过GRE的,这种难度不是太难.英文中有很多错误,翻译得挺不容易）

1。介绍
核工业和美国核RegulatoryCommission)明确地描述认出了importanceof核武器计划,管理和组织因素造成的后果中,facilitysafety三里岛事故(2)单位下达。切尔诺贝利事故后,国际核安全咨询集团(INSAG)介绍这个术语的安全文化”指这样一个managementand组织因素都是重要的安全[1]。虽然INSAG意图的安全文化的记录所有相关管理和组织...

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1。介绍
核工业和美国核RegulatoryCommission)明确地描述认出了importanceof核武器计划,管理和组织因素造成的后果中,facilitysafety三里岛事故(2)单位下达。切尔诺贝利事故后,国际核安全咨询集团(INSAG)介绍这个术语的安全文化”指这样一个managementand组织因素都是重要的安全[1]。虽然INSAG意图的安全文化的记录所有相关管理和组织因素safeplant操作,许多研究人员使用术语morenarrowly。“安全文化”通常用来表示一个elementof组织文化,这反过来,是thebroader术语的一个组成部分,它的管理与组织factors. '虽然主要事故往往涉及到一个不安全行为采取行动(orfailure)以个别的,他们可能还需要一个组织的条件时才能被感觉到由可以放大将来要为后果付出代价。国家研究理事会的调查这起事故的TMIreported各位委员和公众,onetheme贯穿这结论。我们所达成的主要deciencies就是今天在商业反应堆安全不是硬件问题,他们是managementproblems[2]。后来的报道说,国家研究理事会,因为itspart,几乎已经忽略了这个关键领域operatortraining、人为因素managementand技术qualications工程、效用。那句话捕捉概述粘土矿物的大部分时间里,国家研究理事会的监督管理的议程theyears证明事故,以及工业'sagenda以提高和改善工厂的运作。post-TMI国家研究理事会的行动计划包括一个大把问题在一般的航向人为因素。qualications Themajor类别包括操作员,stafng训练水平和工作条件,男人±界面、应急操作程序,humanreliability effective-ness、组织与管理。独立的措施,国家研究理事会进行了,看见一个需要提高的热土核营运组成的质量。核能研究所的操作wasestablished电力设施,拥有和operatednuclear发电厂,以培育卓越的plantoperations。Condence设施管理和人力per-formance在其在国际核能communitywas切尔诺贝利事故严重损坏,由1986年。在它的报告的审核会议切尔诺贝利post-accident[1]的基础上,INSAG声称这一重要结论提出探讨立案的完全的权威是安全的,responsibilityfor植物上的资深成员操作人员的植物。properlyreviewed正式手续,并被批准,也必须以thecreation和维持一个“核安全文化。

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The nuclear industry and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) explicitly recognized the importance of management and organizational factors to nuclear facility safety in the aftermath of the acc...

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The nuclear industry and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) explicitly recognized the importance of management and organizational factors to nuclear facility safety in the aftermath of the accident at Three Mile Island (TMI) Unit
从三里岛（TMI）核电站泄漏事故造成的后果之中，核能行业和美国核管理委员会(NRC)清楚认识到管理和组织部门对于核设施安全的重要。
（这长的文字，也该多些赏分，表示对劳动的尊重嘛---）

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